El Hierro

[jand]

enero, 2012
 por José Luis Barrera Morate
0 comentarios

El volcán cumple ¡¡90 días de erupción ininterrumpida!! Un caso histórico único en Canarias
For the press, the volcano in La Restinga is no longer news. Nothing new happens, simply continues the volcanic eruption, and, therefore, no headlines. However, for scientists Yes many things happen, even if the information does not flow as it should. A rash that lasts longer 90 days of uninterrupted broadcast of magma, is not an anecdote in the Canarian volcanism. It is the third longest in duration in the Canary Islands, and probably the first when duration of a unique building, without regard to fisurales eruptions event (eruption of Timanfaya, Lanzarote). This such an exceptional situation requires better information treatment.


We all know the difficulty of keeping track of an underwater eruption, but the volcano in La Restinga is not any eruption. Its long joined the threat still hanging over the population of La Restinga, not knowing if there will be a migration of the active focus (which of the three?) towards land.


The first weeks of eruption demonstrated the technical ability by different national and regional, agencies of scientific monitoring very right, independent of the risk management. Samples were taken from the first broadcast of subaerial and analysed petrológica and overmature, which gave rise to the famous controversy on the nature of the so-called "restingolitas". Also samples were taken from the gaseous products and, above all, an oceanographic ship, Ramon Margalef, was sent to conduct a study on the Morphometry of the volcano and its bathymetric data. They got some spectacular images that guided much on the situation and depth of the eruptive mouth and who have been the first in the world are taken from an underwater eruption in the beginning. Days later returned to take pictures that showed the morphological evolution of the volcano; the emitter cone increased its height; for weeks, no nothing more is known, except for the assumption that there have been landslides in the upper part of the crater and occasional explosions. The arrival of the ship Sarmiento de Gamboa helped clarify the bathymetry but there were no images.


Currently, we only note that on the surface of the mar de Las Calmas continues the bubbling gases continue to produce a spot that migrated in different directions depending on currents and the departure of steamy magmatic material intermittently, whose nature we do not know. Volcanologists know that nature and materials emitted in a volcanic eruption (degree of crystallinity) texture often change with the passage of time, and that these changes are very important to determine the eruptive time of the zone and interpret better the physical parameters. It is surprising that with the low signal of tremor there days ago (see IGN data) continue expelling is surface volcanic materials as frequently; It is clear that the pressure of the gases is high. This eruptive situation one wonders: do at what depth really is the crater? You will arrive to the volcano to the surface? They are just questions that have answers if they become to give data petrologic and bathymetric accurate.


Four days ago, I was called Radio France, from Paris, to ask for the birth of an Ocean island that had arisen in the Red Sea, off the coast of the Yemen. Several weeks ago, also he called me the French Embassy interested by the eruption of El Hierro, because they stated that they were doing a follow-up to her. Not be the final interest that has the French by the volcanology, although it is true that France has territories of volcanic nature in various parts of the globe, but none with eruptions active currently. We face the longest historical eruption of the Canary Islands, only know that it continues the tremor (says it IGN) still stains, occasionally there are earthquakes less than 2.0 (says it IGN) and the deformation of the ground this virtually stable (says the ITER). All of them are the physical parameters of the eruption, but... where are geological to help draw up a model of what is happening in depth? A historic opportunity is being lost.

[Elite of the forum]

god is this volcano practising tantric sex ,isnt it time is exploded??

[pennylane]

Hi Jand, thanks for the updates.
I've been logging in on the mob and I cant watch the web cam on that but
hopefully I'll be back on the PC to watch the cam soon x
Glen x and happy new year hun x

[jand]

Hi Glen

Happy New Year to you and the family,

The webcam at the moment is amazing to watch although also worrying aswell to see live whats happening.

The islanders are asking for answers what does all this mean but Pevolca have not made any statement just the stupid one a while ago that the erruption had stopped when all the time it was still simmering away!!!

[jand]

Update 07/01 – 23:59 UTC
 Lets finish this extraordinary day with the (once again) superb images which have been taken by the Guardia Civil helicopteres and Involcan. We are also sure that scientists will have a very huge task in analyzing what exactly is happening here. Hot SLS who are coloring the water leaving traces of different components. Mother nature in its complexity but also in her impressive beauty. Even after following the process since many months we are still speechless in what we sometimes see.

https://picasaweb.google.com/110327184570944806725/ElHierroJanuary72012?authuser=0&feat=directlink#

[jand]

Carl le Strange says:

 January 8, 2012 at 02:32


No worries

The Pevolca statement is full of horseradish to beginn with. Most likely the depth was around a 100 meters by then. They made the assumption from the depth given earlier. The volcano had before collapsed, and half of it sunk to the bottom at 180 meters. But the other half remained on the La Restinga side.
 And, when the collaps occured Pevolca and IGN decided without any proof thereof that the eruption stopped. It never did. We have video evidence from the chopper flights that Bob was active throughout. The speed of ascension was for natural reason faster the second time since less then half of the volcano needed to be replaced. So by 29th of december it was probably back on 100 meter mark.
 After that we had the frantic activity of the last few days. And the activity as you know has been very fast, driven by high pressure in the system due to new magma. So I would not at all be surprised if Bob is about 50 meters from the surface by now.
 I would give it about 1 to 2 weeks untill we see Bob surface if she can keap up the high pace of the last few days.

[jand]

Peter Cobbold says:

 January 8, 2012 at 05:18

Geolurkings' GPS plot adds to the disconnect between GPS motion and earthquakes. In July- Aug the energy from eq activity was small, because mainly low magnitude eqs. Later in the swarm the eqs grew larger magnitude and the energy curve took off upwards:
 http://www.ign.es/ign/resources/volcanologia/jpg/energia_HIERRO.jpg
 The exponential rise in eq energy contrasts with the linear GPS motion.
 Then the first eq swarm stopped,so did the GPs motion. The second deep eq swarm was not accompanied by any GPS motion.
 Now this week the Frontera GPS has suddenly restarted at a rapid rate – but without any eqs.
 How can that be?

Reply

GeoLurking says:

 January 8, 2012 at 07:22

It is curious.

It is possible that the "Jurassic Era Sediment" and the brunt of the material making up the island is quite pliable.

[jand]

http://www.02.ign.es/ign/head/volcaSenalesAnterioresDia.do?nombreFichero=EOSO_2012-01-08&ver=s&estacion=EOSO&Anio=2012&Mes=01&Dia=08&tipo=2#

This is the graph for Gran Canaria earlier this morning very interesting .

[jand]

http://212.170.244.196/

Lots of smoking steam can be seen  on the webcam now.

[jand]

Carlos says:

 January 8, 2012 at 09:40


696 129 355

Telephone number of IGN Cap at La Restinga...

If you can talk with miss López it will be a pleasure...
 Be careful if who catch the telpehone is miss Blanco.
 Miss Blanco is the hard brand IGN-PEVOLCA.
 We need the words of officials...
 Question:
 What is dued the actual activity if energy, magma and gas amounts you say are lower than before?

One million for the person who contact with IGN CAP and gave us the official explanation...

[jand]

Update 08/01 – 09:49 UTC
 - Very few burning gas during the night although it would have been a totally different view with a light sensitive webcam. In developing the screen-shots we saw a lot of different color intensities.
 - We are anxious to watch the satellite or helicopter images later today as we see a very wide and concentrated stain
 - The comments this morning are again talking about the steaming process. As can be seen on the colorful images from Involcan below, we are still talking about long steaming/smoking lava blocks, not a strong steaming portion of the water.  We do not think that this will happen as we expect in the next phase to see strong vertical steam jets getting to the surface, very limited in the beginning and gradually increasing.
 - Harmonic Tremor is back to the values from yesterday, after having decreased to the minimum after midnight.
 - Many people are talking this morning about the many seagulls they are seeing above the active vent. If you look at images from the first jacuzzi's, you will see the same phenomenon. Why ? We truly do not know.  It mzay be bait they find there as it is being killed by the volcano, but nobody has reported this yet or they may like the higher temperature of the water

[Deso]

The helicopter is flying over at the moment. I have seen quite a few seagulls as well this morning.

[jand]

Avcan FB Copied

Hola, saludos a tod@s. ¿Se ha dado cuenta alguien de que en Lanzarote se han producido dos sismos significativos en dos días a la altura de la fisura del Timanfaya?. Aunque están alejados de la costa, es un poco inquietante. ¿Alguien puede mirar esto?. Gracias

Hola, saludos a Tod @ s. Has someone in Lanzarote have been two significant earthquakes in two days at the height of the fissure of the Timanfaya noticed?. While they are away from the coast, it is a little disturbing. Could someone look at this?. Thank you (Translated by Bing)

13 minutes ago · Like

[jand]

Avcan FB Copied

Hi Carmen... because more of the same, the peak of maximum temperature of the water returns to be significant, in view of the vapors of yesterday does not surprise me, and queesperan a surge in activity, which now all we have seen and in fact the tremor takes 6 hours to rise and it is that some people are again feeling tremors and things in the North of the island. We will see that you need to keep an eye the next few hours if there are any kind of significant change in activity happens.(Henry)

[jand]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_-fHe4ygY_c

Video of the stain showing the steaming sea.

[jand]

The tremor has gradually fallen since midday, with microsismicidad, then it has inestabilizado and he has ended up doing an abruta disminción, and then it shows microsismicidad at 16: 20 h on the sensor of CHIE, and may indicate a possible tamponade and re-pressurization of the magma conduit.


The question is, where there is is this microsismicidad? where is the jam?, surely there are several along the duct, from the North to the start area on the current eruptive zone next to la Restinga, from there the possible explanation for the tremors, noises and blockages of ears that are noticeable in the North of the island.

And another thing, if pressurized long is Canal, ira seeking new outputs, which has energy to continue gaining altitude, breaking the rock. The next area to break or candidate for a new mouth would be in my personal opinion, the area of Orchilla through which passes the magma conduit. We'll see what happens... (Henry)

[jand]

[SurfJames]

Hi Jand...

Wow - I've been away for a while and just returned. This thing is clearly more active than a couple of weeks ago. I also understand that there are rooster tails starting to come up towards the surface.

It will build more and more quickly towards the surface now, and eventually break through the water pressure. Could become quite spectacular.

Trust you are ok...keep posting - all very interesting.

James.

[jand]

Welcome back James yes things are certainly changing just trying to keep up with everything .

[jand]

Denise says:

 January 9, 2012 at 04:53

Late night musings from someone who is not an expert and is obviously still learning...

Thanks to all who responded to my steamy questions today! I have crystallized my thinking on this matter with the help of the many posters who patiently responded to my queries. We are all confident that we saw steam rising from the stain during the late afternoon of Jan. 6th. When the Involcan flights took place on the 7th, there was little steam visible on the webcams, but the flight overview video showed the process of the individual restingolitas (which are now known as lava balloons) exploding and releasing steam. For what it's worth, I now believe that what we saw on that late afternoon was a whole barrage of these balloons steaming near the vent, and perhaps in the process heating the water to create even more steam.

Why does it matter if the steam originated from the water or the lava balloons? If the water was steaming from the heat of the volcano, that would indicate that the cone was closer to the surface, and perhaps soon to go Surtseyan. But first we should see the cypressoidal bursts known as rooster tails. If it was the lava balloons creating the steam, that would indicate that Bob was expelling more lava balloons than ever, and in the process also demonstrating increased activity.

GeoLurking indicated that Bob really should have been in the Surtseyan stage by now were it not losing part of its cone due to the steep angle of about 50°. Sissel provided an interpretive drawing of what Bob might look like in its submarine phase. This shows the formation of the lava balloons, and how they burst and release steam upon reaching the surface of the water: http://i1112.photobucket.com/albums/k499/sissel59/aserretyaneruptionforjaz1999.jpg

IMHO the mystery of Bob continues. This volcano never ceases to perplex, amaze or surprise us. And Bob is already special, as José Luis Barrera Morate noted in his latest blog post, because as of Jan. 7 the volcano has already achieved 90 days of uninterrupted eruption!! This makes it a unique event among the historic eruptions of the Canary Islands. Furthermore, it is the 3rd longest in duration of all the historic Canary eruptions, and could move into 1st place as the longest single structure event if one discounts the previous eruptions that took place in multiple fissures.

Barrera's conclusion echoed sentiments expressed on this blog today. He said: "With the longest historical eruption in the Canary Islands, we [now] only know that the tremor continues (according to IGN), the stain is still present, from time to time there are earthquakes below magnitude 2.0 (according to IGN) and the ground deformation is practically stable (according to ITER). All of these are the physical parameters of the eruption, but ... where are the geologists to help create a model indicating what is happening at depth? This is missing an historic opportunity."

Barrera post previously cited on this blog: http://blogs.elcorreogallego.es/elhierro/2012/01/07/el-volcan-cumple-%C2%A1%C2%A190-dias-de-erupcion-ininterrumpida-un-caso-historico-unico-en-canarias/

Reply


Betty says:

 January 9, 2012 at 05:52


I like the Stroncik paper. It isn't the only paper, I believe, to state that the area below El Hierro is made up of many smaller chambers and pockets. It states that magma mixing occurs and then the magma ascends, or possibly little pockets stagnate. (I'm not feeling well so this is off the top of my head; Sissel left a link to the paper in the Gems section.) In this scenario, there are a lot of tubes with individual magma pockets, like jellyfish tentacles. These could erupt anywhere on the island. Because there are so many cinder cones on the land, it seems like perhaps the concept of a lot of pockets might be underscored.

There has to be an accounting for why the EQs started higher, then went lower, then came up again, and why they went from one side of the island to the other, ringing like a bell. I believe in Lurking and Karen's graphs and plots, but nothing yet goes together like hand in glove.

Not sure why everyone has once again decided that Bob has died. We did get flaming Restingolitas out of this time, something we didn't get before. Something was different. Stain has not gone away. Also, were those stories about feeling vibrations and rattling under El Golfo and Valverde not true?

Reply


Denise says:

 January 9, 2012 at 06:01


Not everyone thinks that Bob has died. I don't, but I think because he's gone on this long, it's really uncharted territory. But who knows how long the Canaries eruptions lasted before historical times?

Reply



Denise says:

 January 9, 2012 at 06:30


I also think the multiple chamber theory makes the most sense. One of Sativacyborg's underwater diagrams clearly shows that the submarine area pretty much resembles what you see above ground on El Hierro, i.e., the hundreds of scoria cones. There are still a lot of questions unresolved, but at this point I would be more concerned if Bob did shut down, because that might increase the possibility of a new eruption in a less desirable location. The area that concerns me most is Tanganasoga, so I hope that Bob will continue long enough to relieve any pressure there.

[jand]

earthquake-report.com

SLS = LAVA BALLOONS

A small seismic crisis during November 1998 was monitored by the Azores Seismological Surveillance System (SIVISA). It was centered W of Terceira Island on the E of the so-called Graciosa Trough [38.783°N, 27.483°W; submarine vent at -500 m]. After four days of major activity seismicity decreased and remained at normal levels until 18 December; then, a few microseisms were registered by SIVISA and white vapor columns were reported by fishermen to be rising from the sea 8 km W of Terceira island. These phenomena were discontinuous but persisted until the night of 23 December when local residents observed orange lights several miles W of Terceira.

Although no unusual seismicity was noticed in the following interval, on 8 January fishermen again reported white vapor columns on the sea. Scientists from the Center of Volcanology of Azores University (CVUA) using a helicopter of the Portuguese Air Force took the first pictures of the phenomenon (figure 1). Lava blocks reaching a maximum of 3 m in length rose gently to the surface where they floated for a few minutes. White steam columns resulting from contact between hot lava blocks and seawater were observed, rising about 10 m above the surface of the sea. During the night the same activity was observed from the W coast of Terceira island and six different areas of incandescent, dispersed lava blocks were identified along a NE-SW axis. Activity continued at the same level until 13 January after which only intermittent short-period events were observed.
 During February and March 1999 the submarine eruption that began late 1998 continued at the Serreta volcanic ridge, ~9-14 km W of Terceira island (BGVN 23:01; Luis and others, 1999). The activity decreased slightly until the end of February, but eruptive areas clearly defined two main volcanic trends in both NE-SW and NW-SE directions (figure 2). In March, activity became less vigorous and observers saw sea surface manifestations only during intermittent short periods.
 This eruption involved basaltic, and probably very gas-rich, magma.

The scientific team attributed their seismic observations coupled with the floating blocks to the following mechanism. The magma, being low in viscosity, moves very easily through the already opened fractures and was thought to escape without producing high seismic signals. Floating lava blocks could result from the detachment of pillow-lava edges followed by the ascent of blocks with sufficient gas content. It is also possible that hot, gas-rich lava fragments result from small submarine lava lakes or fountains. A thin frozen skin of lava seals the gas cavity, and the block might then rise as a hot lava balloon. During ascent, the gas exsolves and nucleates inside the hot fragment while the blocks expand. Once at the surface the interaction between the hot blocks and the seawater produces white steam columns. At the same time, while cooling at the surface, the blocks crack slowly, lose their magmatic gas and sink. Sometimes when water enters inside the hot blocks, they blow up, violently throwing fragments several meters high.




Text and images : courtesy Smithsonian Institute – Click here for the link to the entire article

[jand]

Update 08/01 – 23:30 UTC
 - The credits for finding this valuable information goes to a forum participant at Avcan and Julio del Castillo Vivero who found this information by digging into the Internet.
 May we ask a kind question to the scientists ? Why have they not published this information when everybody started asking what the SLS were about and started making their own theories about what they saw.  Joke told me a few weeks ago that a CAP person opn duty told her that the scientists got help from volcanologists from Sicily and from Portugal. We are quit sure that the Portuguese will have shared this information (the article information below comes from them).
 For many days the IGN/CAP people on duty looked at Joke like she came from another planet when she told our story of burning stones in the Las Calmas Sea.  We must believe that the CAP personnel on duty may not have known the phenomenon.  Science sharing information in an open source environment seems to be a very difficult mariage. Some have understand it like USA, Iceland and Sicily to name a few, others have still to learn a little bit.

[jand]

Update 09/01 – 14:07 UTC
 Involcan has published yesterday the thermal data from their helicopter flight on Saturday. Involcan makes these measurements on behalf of Pevolca, the committee who is guarding the safety of the Herreños.  They are only sharing this information now and then. The last time we saw this kind of Temperature data was on December 7. To be in front of your questions : NO, we do not know why they are not sharing this info on their flight days (like they are doing with the pictures and videos, but we might assume that the information has to go first to Pevolca).
 - Saturdays thermal registration took place with limited but constant harmonic tremor but with a lot of Lava Balloons (LB from now on).  The difference in temperature in between the "normal" water and the "jacuzzi" water was the second highest measured so far (Blue line and blue description). The strongest difference was measured during the turbulent jacuzzi days on the beginning of November.
 - The caption text of the original article (in Spanish, see link below) describes a number of very interesting other findings like :
 a) the lava balloons found on Saturday had sizes up to 2 meter !
 b) the max. temperature measured on the outer skin of the LB's was 85.5 °C. As explained in our article below, lava balloons are able to come to the surface because of the volcanic gas in the interior of the balloon. (ER : the same gas is responsible for the burning lava at sea. The ignition temperature need to be higher than 85 °C, but as the temperature at the interior of the balloon is a lot higher,  the ignition starts when the LB breaks apart. If he does not break apart, the LB will cool (with a lot of steam) en the gas will not be burning.  This is the main reason why only few LB's are showing burning gas at night).
 c) Kenji Nogami, scientist from the Technological Institute of Tokyo, specialized in submarine eruptions was on board of the helicopter flight on Saturday

[jand]

Carlos says:

 January 9, 2012 at 17:30


Professor of Tokyo Institute of Technology and maximum scientific advisor of the Japanese government on underwater volcanic eruptions, Kenji Nogami, has flown in on Saturday and today Monday, January 9, the eruptive area south of El Hierro accompanied by technicians of the Institute volcanological de Canarias, non-tip.

At 12:00 hours on Monday, accompanied by Nemesio Perez has been received by the City Council of El Hierro by its president, Alpidio Arms, and his security adviser, Maria del Carmen Morales, who thanked the interest and eruptive process monitoring in the waters of El Hierro and its contribution in the face of the scientific community, as well as professionals in non-tip.

Kenji Nogami said that there are no major differences between submarine eruptive processes in Japan and produced at this time in El Hierro. If you made clear, as Nemesio Perez, discoloration of water and place the material ejected in the eruptive phase phenomenon, which lasts three months, and that there are clear indications that it is entering a phase posteruptive.

The Japanese expert recalled that the Japanese submarine eruptions have lasted from a few hours to 2 years and their duration depends on the amount of magma available. The potential contribution of new magmatic material from deeper magma pockets shallower other scientists to cast doubt on the duration of this process underwater eruption south of La Restinga.

On questions about the risk of such volcanoes in the face of population, Nogami said it at least until the new volcano has not reached about 20 feet deep or less, when entering the explosive phase and in For submarine eruptions in Japan, has led columns of up to 400 meters of gases and pyroclastic surges of up to 1 kilometer distance from the eruptive source. El Hierro is still far from that scenario and Nemesio Perez recalled that even visually you can control helicopter, which a priori is guaranteed security.

On the flight conducted scientific recognition on Saturday with the support of the helicopter unit of the Guardia Civil, Nogami and scientists observed the presence of non-tip balls or balloons oversized lava, some of them more than two meters. They also found that the thermal difference in the surface of the water environment affected by the submarine eruption of El Hierro has become of 4.9 degrees Celsius higher than the records last month. These measurements were carried out using thermal imaging cameras in air mobile position.

The temperature differences reflected in the surface environment of marine waters affected by the underwater eruption reflect a substantial heat flow as a result of eruptive activity and can be an additional tool for monitoring the evolution of the eruptive process, says Perez.

Nemesio Perez recalls that one must be prepared to rise and fall times of the phenomenon in the eruptive phase.

[jand]

The harmonic tremors are picking up once again.

[jand]

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIOO5J3cNPA&feature=player_embedded

Video of the helicopter flight over the stain yesterday.

[jand]

[jand]

earthquake-report.com copied.

Update 10/01 – 16:54 UTC
 - Below todays NASA Modis Aqua satellite picture. The stain is getting the form of a sea horse (with a little imagination – better than yesterday as it was snake yesterday : ) )

[appy ammer]

quote:Originally posted by jand

earthquake-report.com

SLS = LAVA BALLOONS

A small seismic crisis during November 1998 was monitored by the Azores Seismological Surveillance System (SIVISA). It was centered W of Terceira Island on the E of the so-called Graciosa Trough [38.783°N, 27.483°W; submarine vent at -500 m]. After four days of major activity seismicity decreased and remained at normal levels until 18 December; then, a few microseisms were registered by SIVISA and white vapor columns were reported by fishermen to be rising from the sea 8 km W of Terceira island. These phenomena were discontinuous but persisted until the night of 23 December when local residents observed orange lights several miles W of Terceira.

Although no unusual seismicity was noticed in the following interval, on 8 January fishermen again reported white vapor columns on the sea. Scientists from the Center of Volcanology of Azores University (CVUA) using a helicopter of the Portuguese Air Force took the first pictures of the phenomenon (figure 1). Lava blocks reaching a maximum of 3 m in length rose gently to the surface where they floated for a few minutes. White steam columns resulting from contact between hot lava blocks and seawater were observed, rising about 10 m above the surface of the sea. During the night the same activity was observed from the W coast of Terceira island and six different areas of incandescent, dispersed lava blocks were identified along a NE-SW axis. Activity continued at the same level until 13 January after which only intermittent short-period events were observed.
 During February and March 1999 the submarine eruption that began late 1998 continued at the Serreta volcanic ridge, ~9-14 km W of Terceira island (BGVN 23:01; Luis and others, 1999). The activity decreased slightly until the end of February, but eruptive areas clearly defined two main volcanic trends in both NE-SW and NW-SE directions (figure 2). In March, activity became less vigorous and observers saw sea surface manifestations only during intermittent short periods.
 This eruption involved basaltic, and probably very gas-rich, magma.

The scientific team attributed their seismic observations coupled with the floating blocks to the following mechanism. The magma, being low in viscosity, moves very easily through the already opened fractures and was thought to escape without producing high seismic signals. Floating lava blocks could result from the detachment of pillow-lava edges followed by the ascent of blocks with sufficient gas content. It is also possible that hot, gas-rich lava fragments result from small submarine lava lakes or fountains. A thin frozen skin of lava seals the gas cavity, and the block might then rise as a hot lava balloon. During ascent, the gas exsolves and nucleates inside the hot fragment while the blocks expand. Once at the surface the interaction between the hot blocks and the seawater produces white steam columns. At the same time, while cooling at the surface, the blocks crack slowly, lose their magmatic gas and sink. Sometimes when water enters inside the hot blocks, they blow up, violently throwing fragments several meters high.




Text and images : courtesy Smithsonian Institute – Click here for the link to the entire article NO THANKS!  all my own words

[jand]

Update 10/01 – 13:17 UTC
 - Another Involcan / Guardia Civil Helicopteres video from yesterday which we like a lot. The video shows the scientists and the crew in the helicopter at work as well as some beautiful colors from the jacuzzi and the stain. The first part of the video shows the dangerous aspect of these flights. In order to measure the emitted gases above the jacuzzi (see SO2 graph below) the Guardia Civil helicopter has to fly very close to the water (Joke yesterday told us that these flights look very dangerous – well, we think she is right).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ig0512gFmJk&feature=player_embedded